Human Physiology
Integrated Organ Systems, Homeostasis & Chemical Coordination
The ultimate organ system deep-dive: Gastrointestinal digestion, pulmonary gas transport, cardiac cycle & ECG, nephron counter-current mechanism, sliding filament theory, neural impulse transmission, and endocrine hormonal integration.
Digestion and Absorption
Dental Formula & Heterodont Dentition, Gut Histology (Serosa to Mucosa), Digestive Enzymes & Bile Function, Micelle & Chylomicron Absorption, PEM (Kwashiorkor & Marasmus).
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Inspiration & Expiration Mechanics (Diaphragm & Intercostals), Spirometry Volumes & Capacities, Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve (Bohr Effect), CO2 Transport (Chloride Shift / Hamburger Phenomenon), Respiratory Disorders (Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational).
Body Fluids and Circulation
Formed Elements (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets), Erythroblastosis Foetalis (Rh Incompatibility), Cardiac Conducting System (SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje), Cardiac Cycle Phases & Output, ECG Waves (P, QRS, T), Disorders (Hypertension, CAD, Angina, Heart Failure).
Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR = 125 ml/min), PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT & Collecting Duct Functions, Counter-Current Mechanism in Henle's Loop & Vasa Recta, RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System), ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) Antagonism, Hemodialysis & Renal Disorders (Uremia, Renal Calculi).
Locomotion and Movement
Sarcomere Structure (A-band, I-band, H-zone, Z-line), Troponin-Tropomyosin-Actin Complex, Sliding Filament Cross-Bridge Cycle & Ca2+ / ATP, Axial Skeleton (80 bones) & Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones), Joints Classification (Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial), Disorders (Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout).
Neural Control and Coordination
Polarised Resting State (Na+/K+ ATPase Pump), Depolarisation & Action Potential Generation (Na+ Influx), Synaptic Cleft & Neurotransmitter Release (Acetylcholine), Brain Anatomy (Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain & Limbic System), Reflex Arc Neural Pathway.
Chemical Coordination and Integration
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Hormones, Thyroid & Parathyroid (T3, T4, TSH, PTH), Adrenal Cortex & Medulla (Corticoids & Epinephrine), Pancreatic Insulin & Glucagon Regulation, Peptide vs Steroid Hormone Action (cAMP Second Messenger).